Figure 5. Some essential properties of fractals

(a) Fractal loading uses a basic scale as a carrier for other successively smaller mechanisms and structures. Far from being monofunctional and simplistic, every structure becomes richly complex and carries information on several distinct scales. (b) Longitudinal compression forms a “folded” fractal, creating a crinkled line that then generates crinkles on its crinkles. This interface can catalyze urban interactions, mimicking the non-smooth surface of a chemical catalyst. (c) Longitudinal tension and breaking along the entire line form a “perforated” fractal, here shown at its first stage. This is a natural mechanism for defining an urban colonnade and any semi-permeable urban boundary, such as a row of bollards that protect pedestrian from vehicular traffic.

  • Salingaros, Nikos A., and Michael W. Mehaffy. "Ch 06. Scaling and Fractals." In Design for a Living Planet: Settlement, Science, & the Human Future. Design for a Living Planet: Settlement, Science, & the Human Future. Levellers/Sustasis Press and Vajra Publications, 2015. Digital Library
Nikos A. Salingaros

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  • "Figures." In Design for a Living Planet: Settlement, Science, & the Human Future. DFLAP. Levellers/Sustasis Press and Vajra Publications, 2015.
  • Mehaffy, Michael W., and Nikos Angelos Salingaros. "Ch 06. Scaling and Fractals." In Design for a Living Planet: Settlement, Science, & the Human Future, 76-85. Design for a Living Planet: Settlement, Science, & the Human Future. Levellers/Sustasis Press and Vajra Publications, 2015.