Figure 22: (22a.) In a bird, as in an airplane, there are two vortex cylinders behind the wingtips, each rolling towards the center. The zones of maximum uplift are visible along the outer edges of the drawing, along a line some distance outside the vortex axis. The same maxima of uplift are also shown in Figure 22c, as dotted lines. (From [35]) . If you look at the cross section in Figure 22a, you see that the line of maximum uplift is parallel to the vortex cylinder, but outwards from it, and it is this line that gives the second bird it maximum uplift; (22b.) The cylinders of vortices seen as two outer parallel trails emanating from the wing tips. (The inner trails come from the engines.) (From [36]); and (22c). Here each bird flies in the outer wake of the bird ahead of it, since this is the spot that takes the least energy–just like riding a bicycle behind a bus, to catch a ride from the uplift in the airflow.
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- Harmony-Seeking Computations: a Science of Non-Classical Dynamics based on the Progressive Evolution of the Larger Whole. A Science of Non-Classical Dynamics Based on the Progressive Evolution of the Larger Whole., 2009.